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MISCELLANEOUS
KT Vývoj (KT Development), Karel Tichý, 16 Feb 2025
Foreigners
Beer, Wine and Coffee Consumption
Elections: a Comparison of four Countries
Foreigners
Foreigners in the United Kingdom
2001 - (= 8.3%): 1. Ireland (537,108); 2. India (467,634); 3. Pakistan (321,167); 4. Germany (266,136); 5. USA (158,434); 6. Bangladesh (154,362); 7. Jamaica (146,401); 8. South Africa (141,405); 9. Kenya (129,633); 10. Australia (107,871).
2015 - (= 13.3%): 1. India (776,603); 2. Poland (703,050); 3. Pakistan (540,495); 4. Ireland (503,288); 5. Germany (322,220); 6. Bangladesh (230,143); 7. South Africa (218,732); 8. Nigeria (216,268); 9. USA (212,150); 10. China (182,628).
2020 - (= 14.4%): 1. India (896,000); 2. Poland (682,000); 3. Pakistan (456,000); 4. Ireland (412,000); 5. Germany (347,000); 6. Romania (329,000); 7. Nigeria (312,000); 8. South Africa (298,000); 9. Italy (280,000); 10. China (245,000).
Foreigners in Germany
2014 - (= 9.3%): 1. Turkey (1,527,118), 2. Poland (674,152), 3. Italy (574,530), 4. Romania (355,343), 5. Greece (328,564), 6. Croatia (263,347), 7. Russia (221,413), 8. Serbia (220,908), 9. Kosovo (184,662), 10. Bulgaria (183,263).
2020 - (= 12.7%): 1. Turkey (1,461,910), 2. Poland (866,690), 3. Syria (818,460), 4. Romania (799,180), 5. Italy (648,360), 6. Croatia (426,845), 7. Bulgaria (388,700), 8. Greece (364,285), 9. Afghanistan (271,805), 10. Russia (263,300).
2021 - (= 13.1%): 1. Turkey (1,458,360), 2. Poland (870,995), 3. Syria (867,585), 4. Romania (844,535), 5. Italy (646,845), 6. Croatia (434,610), 7. Bulgaria (410,885), 8. Greece (362,565), 9. Afghanistan (309,820), 10. Iraq (276,925).
Foreigners in Italy
2005 - (= 4.1%): 1. Albania (316,659), 2. Romania (248,849), 3. Ukraine (93,441), 4. Macedonia (58,460), 5. Serbia (58,174), 6. Poland (50,794), 7. Moldova (37,971), 9. Germany (35,559), 9. France (26,951), 10. Bosnia and Herzegovina (22,436).
2010 - (= 7.0%): 1. Romania (887,763), 2. Albania (466,684), 3. Ukraine (174,129), 4. Poland (105,608), 5. Moldova (105,600), 6. Macedonia (92,847), 7. Serbia (53,875), 8. Bulgaria (46,026), 9. Germany (42,302), 10. France (32,956).
2020 - (= 8.4%): 1. Romania (1,145,718), 2. Albania (421,591), 3. Ukraine (228,560), 4. Moldova (118,516), 5. Poland (86,743), 6. Bulgaria (56,645), 7. North Macedonia (55,816), 8. Kosovo (38,645), 9. Russia (37,424), 10. Germany (35,316).
2021 - (= 8.7%): 1. Romania (1,076,412), 2. Albania (433,171), 3. Ukraine (235,953), 4. Moldova (122,667), 5. Poland (77,779), 6. North Macedonia (55,771), 7. Bulgaria (50,335), 8. Russia (39,746), 9. Kosovo (38,860), 10. Germany (35,091).
Foreigners in Czechia
1995 - 159.207 (= 1.5%): 1. Slovakia (39,725), 2. Ukraine (28,158), 3. Poland (23,053), 4. Vietnam (14,213), 5. Germany (5,553), 6. Yugoslavia (4,824), 7. USA (4,415), 8. Russia (4,387), 9. Bulgaria (4,282), 10. China (4,210).
2000 - 200.951 (= 2.0%): 1. Ukraine (50,212), 2. Slovakia (44,265), 3. Vietnam (23,556), 4. Poland (17,050), 5. Russia (12,964), 6. Germany (4,968), 7. Bulgaria (4,018), 8. Yugoslavia (3,680), 9. China (3,551), 10. USA (3,238).
2010 - 424.291 (= 3.9%): 1. Ukraine (124,281), 2. Slovakia (71,780), 3. Vietnam (60,289), 4. Russia (31,807), 5. Poland (18,242), 6. Germany (13,871), 7. Moldova (8,860), 8. Bulgaria (6,927), 9. USA (6,074), 10. Mongolia (5,576).
2020 - 632.570 (= 5.8%): 1. Ukraine (165,356), 2. Slovakia (124,544), 3. Vietnam (62,842), 4. Russia (41,692), 5. Germany (20,861), 6. Poland (20,733), 7. Romania (18,396), 8. Bulgaria (17,917), 9. Mongolia (10,135), 10. United Kingdom (9,084).
2022 - 1.113.698 (= 10.6 %): 1, Ukraine (635,857), 2, Slovakia (117,265), 3, Vietnam (66,297), 4, Russia (43,298), 5, Romania (19,724), 6, Poland (17,884), 7, Bulgaria (17,673), 8, Germany (14,032), 9, Mongolia (11,959), 10, Hungary (10,517).
Trend
The percentage of long-term foreigners in all four countries is increasing. Each country has its own specific groups of foreigners that are not as strong in the other three countries listed: United Kingdom: India and Pakistan. Germany: Turkey and Syria. Italy: Romania and Albania. Czech Republic: Slovakia and Vietnam.
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Beer Consumption
Per-capita Beer Consumption (Litres per Year) by Country.
2009 - 1. Czechia (142.3), 2. Ireland (114.7), 3. Germany (109.1), 4. Austria (106.5), 5. Finland (90.4), 6. Venezuela (88.2), 7. Australia (87.9), 8. Slovenia (87.9), 9. Croatia (84.3), 10. Poland (83.8), 11. Spain (81.9), 12. Lithuania (81.4), 13. USA (79.8), 14. Romania (79.8), 15. Belgium (79.6), 16. UNITED KINGDOM (75.8), 17. Slovakia (73.4), 18. Bulgaria (73.1), 19. New Zealand (72.7), 20. Denmark (72.1), 21. Netherlands (72.0), 22. Estonia (70.9), 23. Russia (70.5), 24. Canada (69.9), 25. Hungary (68.9), 26. South Africa (61.6), 27. Panama (59.2), 28. Brazil (59.0), 29. Ukraine (58.0), 30. Mexico (57.6), 31. Switzerland (57.2), 32. Latvia (56.4), 33. Portugal (56.2), 34. Sweden (53.9), 35. Norway (53.9) … 38. Japan (46.9) … 50. China (30.2).
Comments: The Czech Republic led all other nations in per-capita beer consumption for the 17th consecutive year. Among the top 35 countries ranked by per-capita beer consumption, only seven saw an increase in consumption from 2008 to 2009. In Asia, a significant increase was seen in per-capita beer consumption in China and Vietnam: it increased by 70% in China from 2000 to 2009, amounting to 30.2 liters; and it increased 2.5 times in Vietnam in the same period, amounting to 24.0 liters.
2015 - 1. Czechia (142.4), 2. Seychelles (114.6), 3. Germany (104.7), 4. Austria (104.7), 5. Namibia (102.7), 6. Poland (99.0), 7. Ireland (97.5), 8. Lithuania (97.1), 9. Belize (94.7), 10. Romania (92.1), 11. Estonia (91.5), 12. Gabon (87.0), 13. Spain (82.8), 14. Slovenia (81.2), 15. Panama (80.1), 16. Slovakia (77.9), 17. Finland (77.4), 18. Latvia (77.3), 19. Croatia (76.6), 20. USA (75.4), 21. Bulgaria (72.4), 22. Australia (72.4), 23. Belgium (71.0), 24. Netherlands (78.1), 25. Iceland (67.8), 26. Brazil (67.7), 27. UNITED KINGDOM (67.7), 28. Venezuela (67.5), 29. New Zealand (66.9), 30. Congo (64.9), 31. Botswana (64.9), 32. Hungary (64.6), 33. Montenegro (60.7), 34. Denmark (60.6), 35. Russia (59.0) … 46. South Korea (46.7) … 55. Japan (42.3).
Comments: Czech Republic led all other nations in per-capita beer consumption for the 23rd consecutive year. Among the top 35 countries ranked by per-capita beer consumption, 16 increased consumption levels from 2014 to 2015.
2020 - 1. Czechia (181.9), 2. Austria (96.8), 3. Poland (96.1), 4. Romania (95.2), 5. Germany (92.4), 6. Estonia (86.4), 7. Namibia (84.8), 8. Lithuania (84.1), 9. Slovakia (81.7), 10. Ireland (81.6), 11. Spain (81.5), 12. Gabon (80.9), 13. Congo, Rep. (79.0), 14. Finland (77.8), 15. Latvia (77.4), 16. Bulgaria (76.0), 17. USA (72.8), 18. Croatia (72.2), 19. Australia (71.6), 20. Slovenia (69.2), 21. Hungary (68.0), 22. Netherlands (67.3), 23. Brazil (65.1), 24. Mexico (64.3), 25. Bosnia and Herzegovina (63.3), 26. Denmark (62.0), 27. New Zealand (60.3), 28. UNITED KINGDOM (60.2), 29. Russia (59.3), 30. Puerto Rico (57.1), 31. Belgium (53.0), 32. Canada (52.5), 33. Panama (52.1), 34. Switzerland (52.1), 35. Sweden (50.6) … 49. South Korea (37.7) … 52. Japan (34.9).
Comments: The Czech Republic led all other nations in per-capita beer consumption for the 28th consecutive year. Among the top 35 countries ranked by per-capita beer consumption, nine increased consumption levels from 2019 to 2020.
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Wine consumption
Per-capita (15+) wine consumption (in litres of pure alcohol per year) by country. Example: wine 12% of alcohol: 1 litre of alcohol = 8.33 litres of wine.
1960 - 1. France (20.56); 2. Italy (17.24); 3. Portugal (14.12); 4. Argentina (13.61); 5. Luxembourg (11.21); 6. Spain (10.49); 7. Chile (9.15); 8. Slovenia (8.91); 9. Moldova (7.55); 10. Croatia (6.58); 11. Andorra (6.52); 12. Switzerland (6.15); 13. Sao Tome and Principe (5.81); 14. Uruguay (5.68); 15. Georgia (4.84); 16. Greece (4.47); 17. Hungary (4.30); 18. South Africa (3.83); 19. Romania (3.71); 20. Gabon (3.51); 21. Bulgaria (3.50); 22. Angola (3.36); 23. Latvia (3.35); 24. Azerbaijan (2.92); 25. Montenegro (2.87); 26. Austria (2.81); 27. Slovakia (2.42); 28. Djibouti (2.39); 29. Ukraine (2.39); 30. Serbia (2.36); 31. Cyprus (2.31); 32. Vanuatu (2.28); 33. Armenia (2.18); 34. North Macedonia (2.01); 35. Czechia (2.00); 36. Germany (1.86); 37. Kyrgyzstan (1.82); 38. Cote d'Ivoire (1.80); 39. Israel (1.71); 40. Algeria (1.60); 41. Morocco (1.30); 42. Tunisia (1.19); 43. Bahamas (1.16); 44. Mozambique (1.14); 45. Cape Verde (1.02); 46. Belgium (1.01); 47. Russia (1.01); 48. Madagascar (0.96); 49. Poland (0.92); 50. Senegal (0.91); 51. Australia (0.88); … 54. USA (0.83); … 69. Canada (0.40); 70. New Zealand (0.38); 71. Ireland (0,38); … 76. UNITED KINGDOM (0.28).
2019 - 1. France (6.44); 2. Portugal (6.04); 3. Slovenia (5.26); 4. Andorra (4.98); 5. Italy (4.83); 6. Luxembourg (4.73); 7. Switzerland (4.35); 8. Denmark (4.08); 9. Antigua and Barbuda (3.95); 10. Austria (3.70); 11. Australia (3.67); 12. Sao Tome and Principe (3.58); 13. Moldova (3.57); 14. Spain (3.52); 15. Croatia (3.52); 16. Belgium (3.41); 17. Sweden (3.40); 18. Romania (3.38); 19. Hungary (3.33); 20. UNITED KINGDOM (3.30); 21. Georgia (3.19); 22. Germany (3.02); 23. Netherlands (2.92); 24. Argentina (2.88); 25. New Zealand (2.88); 26. Ireland (2.88); 27. Uruguay (2.86); 28. Czechia (2.73); 29. Cyprus (2.72); 30. Montenegro (2.68); 31. Greece (2.66); 32. Chile (2.61); 33. Malta (2.34); 34. Cook Islands (2.28); 35. Norway (2.23); 36. Iceland (2.11); 37. Slovakia (2.01); 38. Canada (2.00); 39. Estonia (1.92); 40. Niue (1.89); 41. Cape Verde (1.82); 42. Bulgaria (1.72); 43. Latvia (1.70); 44. USA (1.67); 45. Serbia (1.62); 46. Finland (1.59); 47. Mongolia (1.46); 48. Bahamas (1.43); 49. Barbados (1.36); 50. Turkmenistan (1.25).
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Coffee Consumption
Coffee Consumption Per Capita (kilograms a year).
2014 - 1. Luxembourg (25.46); 2. Laos (13.65); 3. Finland (11.69); 4. Sweden (9.8); 5. Norway (8.69); 6. Denmark (8.38); 7. Iceland (8.13); 8. Austria (7.86); 9. Australia (7.52); 10. Montenegro (7.46); 11. Canada (7.38); 12. Germany (6.62); 13. Bosnia and Herzegovina (6.58); 14. Switzerland (6.13); 15. Belgium (5.84); 16. Costa Rica (5.83); 17. Italy (5.41); 18. France (5.22); 19. Portugal (5.03); 20. Estonia (4.52); 21. Slovenia (4.5); 22. Croatia (4.37); 23. Israel (4.37); 24. USA (4.27); 25. Greece (4.24); 26. Macedonia (4.24); 27. Lebanon (3.93); 28. Lithuania (3.93); 29. Serbia (3.82); 30. El Salvador (3.75); 31. Spain (3.7); 32. New Zealand (3.67); 33. Bulgaria (3.55); 34. Armenia (3.41); 35. Netherlands (3.4); 36. Japan (3.36); 37. Algeria (3.33); 38. Guatemala (3.27); 39. Latvia (3.26); 40. Haiti (3.15); 41. Slovakia (3.12); 42. Cyprus (2.9); 43. Maldives (2.87); 44. Honduras (2.81); 45. Venezuela (2.75); 46. UNITED KINGDOM (2.54); 47. Malta (2.49); 48. Jordan (2.37); 49. Philippines (2.37); 50. Romania (2.37); … 53. Czechia (2.27); … 59. Ireland (1.96); … 69. Russia (1.4); 70. Poland (1.33); … 142. China (0.04); … 153. India (0.01); … 156. Pakistan (0.01).
2018 - 1. Luxembourg (25.05); 2. Laos (17.97); 3. Finland (11.77); 4. Sweden (10.1); 5. Iceland (8.8); 6. Norway (8.37); 7. Switzerland (7.61); 8. Austria (7.23); 9. Bosnia and Herzegovina (7.18); 10. Denmark (7.03); 11. Canada (6.87); 12. Netherlands (6.86); 13. Brazil (6.06); 14. Germany (6.04); 15. Portugal (5.68); 16. Montenegro (5.65); 17. Italy (5.54); 18. France (5.23); 19. Estonia (5.08); 20. Croatia (5.01); 21. Australia (4.87); 22. Belgium (4.78); 23. Slovenia (4.75); 24. Honduras (4.68); 25. Lithuania (4.66); 26. USA (4.46); 27. New Zealand (4.13); 28. Israel (4.11); 29. Macedonia (4.08); 30. Greece (3.94); 31. Bulgaria (3.89); 32. Armenia (3.83); 33. Spain (3.81); 34. Lebanon (3.8); 35. Serbia (3.74); 36. Japan (3.59); 37. Jordan (3.56); 38. Peru (3.5); 39. Maldives (3.49); 40. Ethiopia (3.4); 41. Slovakia (3.39); 42. El Salvador (3.2); 43. Philippines (3.11); 44. Romania (2.97); 45. Latvia (2.92); 46. Malta (2.92); 47. Cyprus (2.9); 48. Algeria (2.76); 49. Ireland (2.7); 50. Costa Rica (2.66); … 52. UNITED KINGDOM (2.65); … 55. Poland (2.3); … 57. Czechia (2.24); … 73. Russia (1.44); … 140. China (0.07); … 153. India (0.01); … 155. Pakistan (0.005).
Comments: Many foreigners (e.g. from Germany) often go shopping in Luxembourg. This affects the statistics of coffee consumption in this country.
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Elections: a Comparison of four Countries
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United Kingdom
The results of the elections in the United Kingdom have been very similar for many years, the political scene is almost unchanged or there are very small changes. The winner is always one of the two dominant parties - the right-wing Conservative party (this party has more election victories) or the left-wing Labour party (fewer election victories). A specific interesting feature of the UK elections is the distribution of parliamentary seats, which is shown by the example of the General election in 2024. The winning Labor party received 412 seats with 33.8% share, the second-ranking Conservative party 121 seats with 23.7% share, the third-ranking Reform UK had 4 seats with 14.3% and the fourth-ranking Liberal Democrats had 71 seats with 12.2% share.
General Elections in the UK - Some Results:
1922: 1. Conservative 38,5% ; 2. Labour 29,7% ;
-------- 3. LD 28,8% ; Other 3,0% .
1955: 1. Conservative 49,7% ; 2. Labour 46,4% ;
-------- 3. LD 2,7% ; 4. PC/SNP 0,2% ; Other 1,0% .
1970: 1. Conservative 46,4% ; 2. Labour 43,1% ;
-------- 3. LD 7,5% ; 4. PC/SNP 1,7% ; Other 1,4% .
2019: 1. Conservative 43,6% ; 2. Labour 32,1% ;
-------- 3. LD 11,5% ; 4. PC/SNP 4,4% ; Other 19,5% .
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Czech Republic
From 1992 to 2013, the leadership of the state was constantly alternated by a pair of the permanent strongest parties – the right-wing party ODS and the left-wing party ČSSD (Czech Social Democratic Party). Since 2016, ANO 2011 (political centre) is the new strongest party. The results of the elections from 2006 to 2019 show the permanent drop of ČSSD: 2006: 30,32%, 2010: 22,21 %, 2013: 20,45 %, 2014: 14,17 %, 2017: 7,27 %, 2019: 3,95 %.
Comparison of two results:
2002 - Parliamentary election (Volby do Poslanecké sněmovny):
1. ČSSD 30,20 % ; 2. ODS 24,47 % ;
3. KSČM 18,51 % ; 4. KDU-ČSL + US-DEU 14,27 % ;
5. Sdružení nezávislých 2,78 % ; 6. Zelení 2,36 % .
2017 - Parliamentary election (Volby do Poslanecké sněmovny):
1. ANO 29,64 % ; 2. ODS 11,32 % ;
3. Piráti 10,79 % ; 4. SPD 10,64 % ;
5. KSČM 7,76 % ; 6. ČSSD 7,27 % ;
7. KDU-ČSL 5,80 % ; 8. TOP 09 5,31 % ;
9. STAN 5,18 % ; 10. Svobodní 1,56 % ;
11. Zelení 1,46 % ; 12. Rozumní 0,72 % ;
13. Realisté 0,71 % ; 14. Strana práv občanů 0,36 % .
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Germany
Since 1949, one of the two dominant parties has always been the winner of the elections in Germany: The CDU/CSU coalition (common name Union) or the left-wing party SPD (social democracy). The CDU/CSU coalition won most national elections, SPD some of them. However, the position of these two dominant parties in Germany is gradually weakening and, on the contrary, the positions of Grüne (Greens, mainly in the West of the country) and AfD (Alternative for Germany, mainly in the East of the country) grow stronger.
Comparison of several results:
1965 – Federal election (BUNDESTAGSWAHL):
1. CDU/CSU 47,6 % (+2,3); 2. SPD 39,3 % (+3,1);
3. FDP 9,5 % (-3,3); Other 3,6 % (-2,1).
1990 – Federal election (BUNDESTAGSWAHL):
1. CDU/CSU 43,8 % (-0.5); 2. SPD 33,5 % (-3.5);
3. FDP 11,0 % (+1.9); 4. Grüne 3,8 % (-4.5);
5. PDS 2,4 % (+2.4); Other 4,2 % (+2,9).
2009 – European election (EUROPAWAHL):
1. CDU 30,7 % (-5,8); 2. SPD 20,8 % (-0,7);
3. Grüne 12,1 % (+0,2); 4. FDP 11,0 % (+4,9);
5. Linke 7,5 % (+1,4); 6. CSU 7,2 % (-0,8);
Other 10,8 % (+0,9).
2019 – European election (EUROPAWAHL):
1. CDU/CSU 28,9 % (-8,4); 2. Grüne 20,5 % (+9,8);
3. SPD 15,8 % (-11,5); 4. AfD 11,0 % (+3,9);
5. Linke 5,5 % (-1,9); 6. FDP 5,4 % (+2,0);
7. Die Partei 2,4 % (+1,8); 8. Freie Wähler 2,2 % (+0,7);
9. Tierschutz 1,4 % (+/-0); 10. ÖDP 1,0 % (+0,4);
11. Familie 2,2 % (+/-0); 12. Volt 0,7 % (+/-0);
13. Piraten 0,7 % (-0,7); Other 12,9 % (+4,1),
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Italy
Compared to the other three countries, the elections in Italy are varied and changeable, with political parties in power changing more. In 2018 the strongest in the elections were Cinque Stelle, Partito democratico and Lega. The strongest coalition is (the right-wing) Centrodestra, to which Lega belongs.
Comparison of two results:
2008 – Elezioni politiche - CAMERA
1. PDL - Lega Nord - Mpa (Berlusconi) 46,8 % ;
2. Partito democratico 37,5 % ;
3. Unione di centro 5,6 % .
2018 – Elezioni politiche - CAMERA
1. Cinque Stelle 32,7 % ;
2. Partito democratico 18,7 % ;
3. Lega 17,4 % ; 4. Forza Italia 14,0 % ;
5. Fratelli d’Italia 4,3 % ; 6. Liberi e uguali 3,4 % .
COALITIONS: 1. Centrodestra 37,0 % ;
2. Cinque Stelle 32,7 % ;
3. Centro sinistra 22,8 % .
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Elections in the Czech Republic: here
Elections in Germany: here
Elections in Italy: here
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Sources:
Foreigners: see "Population"
Beer Consumption: Kirin Holdings: https://www.kirinholdings.com/en/
Wine Consumption: Our World in Data: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wine-consumption-per-person?tab=table
Coffee Consumption: Helgi Library: https://www.helgilibrary.com/indicators/coffee-consumption-per-capita/
--------- Helgi Library: https://www.helgilibrary.com/
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